About the Book

Educational Systems Structure and Standards

The structure of education system includes 12 years of regular schooling, preceded by a year or two of pre-school education, and followed by a four-stage higher education degree system (associate, bachelor's, master's, doctorate) plus various non-degree certificates and diplomas. In addition, there are special education services, adult basic and continuing education, leisure learning programs, and continuing professional education and training programs. Completion of each level or stage is a prerequisite for access to the next, and a variety of assessment and evaluation tools are used to determine learning needs, academic achievement standards, and eligibility to proceed to higher levels of education. Until the 1950s required courses were many, electives few. In the 1960s and 1970s, the trend was to give students more choices. By the 1980s, however, parents and educators were taking a second look at this practice. The primary reason for their concern was the possible connection between the growth of electives and the slow but steady decline of students' average scores on standardized tests of mathematics, reading, and science. This book presents a thorough and accessible account of the development of the educational system in India and is designed to be useful and effective for the students of education and other allied fields. CONTENTS: (1)Introduction (2)Pre-Primary Education (3)Primary Education: Fulfilment of the Constitutional Directive (4)The Education System (5)The Common School System of Public Education (6)Educational Provisions in the Constitution of India (7)Conceptualising a Rights Based Model in Education.